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ADHD Medications and Treatments The most common medications used to treat ADHD are stimulants. They increase neurotransmitters and help control impulses and improve concentration. Adderall and dextroamphetamine are two examples, along with methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine and Ritalin as well as their brand names. If stimulants are not effective or cause too many adverse side effects, doctors can prescribe antidepressants like Wellbutrin. These medications target dopamine as well as norepinephrine within the brain. Medication Medications affect the brain chemicals norepinephrine and dopamine which are vital for attention and thinking. The most popular stimulants, a medication for ADHD are effective when taken as directed. Like all medications, stimulants may cause adverse effects. Doctors and patients work together to find the right dose or combination of medications to reduce the risk of side effects. Symptoms of ADHD can vary, but they always include inattention and hyperactive-impulsive behavior. The symptoms usually begin before the age of 12 and last through adolescence and into adulthood. The symptoms can be mild, moderate, or severe and may differ between boys and girls. Boys and children assigned male at birth (AMAB) tend to show more hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, but the same behaviors can occur in girls and women. A health care provider can pinpoint ADHD in the child or teenager by following the American Psychiatric Association guidelines. They will interview the child and parents about their symptoms and observe them in different environments. A child must show at least six signs in two or more different environments and the symptoms must interfere with the child's development and functioning. The symptoms must have begun before the age of 12 years old. The majority of children with ADHD are prescribed medications to manage their symptoms. Doctors may prescribe amphetamine-based stimulants such as Adderall or methylphenidate (the drug found in Ritalin). Doctors can also prescribe non-stimulant drugs to treat ADHD, including atomoxetine and bupropion. These drugs don't perform as quickly as stimulants however they can help reduce some of the disorder's unpleasant side effects. ADHD is often linked to other psychiatric disorders, like depression or mood disorders. They are also at higher risk of developing substance use disorders. Behavioral therapy, which can teach children and adults better methods to deal with their ADHD can assist in addressing these other problems. Research shows that the combination of therapy for behavior and medication can improve the quality of life of a person and reduce symptoms. Some teens and kids do not respond to the medication available for ADHD, so they may need an a lower dose or different type of medication. Clinical trials are currently being conducted to determine the most effective treatment option for adults and adolescents with ADHD. Behavioral therapy For certain people, behavior therapy might not require medication. For these people changing their diet and lifestyle can help alleviate symptoms of ADHD. They may also be able improve their organizational skills by using reminders or alarms or by storing important items in designated locations. Exercise and other activities requiring physical activity can be used to channel energy instead of acting impulsively. Behavioral therapy is particularly beneficial for children with ADHD. It can teach parents how to be better parents and help their child deal with stress or other problems that may cause attention deficits. Behavioral therapy helps children learn to control their emotions and develop confidence in themselves and also manage their behavior in school. To determine the cause of ADHD doctors will discuss the symptoms of the patient in detail with the person and observe his or her behavior in different situations. They will also review the school records and questionnaires from relatives and teachers, and other details about the individual. They will also rule other health conditions and illnesses that have similar symptoms. They will also conduct a medical examination and utilize ADHD rating scales. medication for adhd uk www.iampsychiatry.uk used medication to treat ADHD is stimulants. These drugs are designed to boost the activity in areas of the brain that regulate attention. This includes the prefrontal cortex as well as the basal ganglia. There are also non-stimulant medications that can be used to treat ADHD. They are generally regarded as less effective, but they are less harmful than stimulants. For those with ADHD treatment may be lengthy and it's essential to see a medical provider regularly. The symptoms of ADHD can interfere with relationships, work and school. If it is not treated it can result in depression or low self-esteem, issues with eating and an unhealthy diet, as well as drug or alcohol addiction. You should also talk to your doctor if a medication that was once effective is not producing the same results or causing adverse side effects. It is also important to inform your doctor of any other supplements or medications you're taking, since certain supplements can interact with ADHD medicines. Counseling If medication is used counseling can assist adults and children with ADHD cope with everyday problems caused by their disorder. Counselors can assist them in learning how to make use of calendars, date books and remember appointments. They can also set realistic goals. Counseling may also suggest ways to improve relationships and reduce conflict. Mental health professionals can also educate parents about the disorder and help them develop new skills, behaviors, and ways of interacting with their children. Counseling can help adult patients organize their lives and enhance the performance of their jobs. They can learn how to stay focused on tasks by breaking up large projects into smaller chunks that are more manageable and learn strategies for dealing for dealing with anger, frustration, and anxiety. Psychotherapy can help adults gain confidence and control impulsive and risk-taking behavior. Many adults find that other treatment options are beneficial in addition to counseling. Some stimulants can have adverse side effects, including insomnia and jitteriness therefore, they should only be used as prescribed. People with ADHD should be honest with their healthcare professionals and let them know that they are having issues with certain medications. The majority of doctors prescribe the stimulant methylphenidate, also known as MPH, to treat ADHD. This drug increases the levels of neurotransmitters which affect attention and behavior in the brain. It is available in both immediate-release and extended-release forms. The longer-acting versions build up gradually in the bloodstream and then wear off slowly, which minimizes a “crash” effect caused when the dosage drops. Certain adults suffering from ADHD can also benefit from nonstimulant medications, such as atomoxetine, an antidepressant or bupropion. They are slower to work than stimulants, and could be a better option for those who cannot take them because of other health issues or serious adverse side effects. Some people with ADHD also suffer from depression or anxiety. In these situations, doctors often prescribe an antidepressant or an antianxiety drug along with the ADHD medication. They will be aware of how the medications may interact and will be on the lookout for any adverse negative effects. Other treatment options There are several drugs that can be used to treat ADHD. They are all designed to increase the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine that are present in the brain. This increases the ability to focus and listen, and also improves memory. These medications include stimulants as well as nonstimulants. The most frequently prescribed medication for treating ADHD, are stimulants. Although stimulants work for many people, they may cause adverse side effects. Some of these side-effects can be severe. Your doctor can help you determine the most effective dosage of medication to meet your requirements. They can also recommend other treatments that can reduce or avoid side effects. The two most common stimulants for ADHD include methylphenidate, and dextroamphetamine. These drugs are sold under a variety of brand names that include Ritalin and Adderall. They are available as short-acting and extended-release preparations. Short-acting medications can last for up to 3-4 hrs and are usually taken twice or three times per day. Extended-release preparations can last for up to 16 hours and are usually taken once daily. Many adults prefer to supplement an extended-release morning medication with a shorter-acting dose in the late evening or in the afternoon to bridge the gap between the two doses as the medication is fading. Stimulants can cause nausea and changes in blood pressure and heart rate. Certain people may be more anxious and irritable than normal. They may cause tics to become more severe or increase their frequency. In certain children and adolescents they may cause an insignificant delay in growth, however this is only temporary and doesn't affect the final height. They also can increase appetite and weight gain and could cause a rise in blood cholesterol and other heart-related issues in some people. Certain antidepressants may also be used “off-label”, to treat ADHD. The most commonly used is bupropion (Wellbutrin) that works by increasing the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the brain. It is particularly beneficial for those suffering from ADHD and anxiety or depression. It can also be useful when stimulants don't work for you, if you are unable to tolerate them or are at risk of using them, or if you have a substance use disorder.